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An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History and Literature
| Yuan Dynasty 元朝 (1206/1279-1368) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Capital: Qaɣanbaliq (Dadu 大都, modern Beijing 北京) | ||
| temple name (miaohao 廟號) Mongolian title |
personal name | reign periods (nianhao 年號) |
| Yuan Taizu 元太祖 (r. 1206-1227) Činggis Qaɣan (Gengiz Khan, Cheng-ji-si Han 成吉思汗) |
Borǰigid Temüjin (Bo-er-zhi-jin Tie-mu-zhen 勃兒只斤鐵木真) | |
| Yuan Ruizong 元睿宗 (r. 1228) (Ye-ke-na-yan 也可那顔) |
Tölüi (Tuo-lei 拖雷) | |
| Yuan Taizong 元太宗 (r. 1229-1241) | Ögödei (Wo-kuo-tai 窩闊台) | |
| Empress Naimaĵin (Nai-ma-zhen 乃馬真后, regent 1241-1246) | Naimaĵin Töregene, widow of Ögödei (Nai-ma-zhen Tuo-lie-ge-na 乃馬真脫列哥那) | |
| Yuan Dingzong 元定宗 (r. 1246-1248) | Güyüg (Gui-you 貴由) | |
| Empress Qaimiš (Hai-mi-shi 海迷失后, regent 1248-1251) | Oγul Qaimiš, widow of Güyüg (Wo-wu-li Hai-mi-shi 斡兀立海迷失) | |
| Yuan Xianzong 元憲宗 (r. 1251-1259) | Möngke Qaɣan (Meng-ge 蒙哥) | |
| Yuan Shizu 元世祖 (r. 1260-1294) Sečen Qaγan (Xue-chan 薛禪皇帝) |
Qubilai Qaɣan (Hu-bi-lie 忽必烈) | Zhongtong 中統 (1260-1263) |
| Zhiyuan 至元 (1264-1294) | ||
Usurpers Du Keyong 杜可用 (1280) -----Wancheng 萬乘 1280 Lin Guifang 林桂方, Zhao Liangqian 趙良鈐 (1283) -----Yankang 延康 1283 Yang Zhenlong 楊鎮龍 (1289) -----Anding 安定 1289 |
||
| Yuan Chengzong 元成宗 (r. 1294-1307) Ölĵeyitü Qaγan (Wan-ze-du 完澤篤皇帝) |
Temür (Tie-mu-er 鐵穆耳) | Yuanzhen 元貞 (1295-1296) |
| Dade 大德 (1297-1307) | ||
| Yuan Wuzong 元武宗 (r. 1307-1311) Külüg Qaγan (Qu-lü 曲律皇帝) |
Qayišan (Hai-shan 海山) | Zhida 至大 (1308-1311) |
| Yuan Renzong 元仁宗 (r. 1311-1320) Buyantu Qaγan (Pu-yan-du 普顏篤皇帝) |
Āyurparibhadra (Ai-yun-li-ba-li-ba-da 愛育黎拔力八達) | Huangqing 皇慶 (1312-1313) |
| Yanyou 延祐 (1314-1320) | ||
| Yuan Yingzong 元英宗 (r. 1320-1323) Gegeγen Qaγan (Ge-jian 格堅皇帝) |
Šudibala, Siddhipāla (Shuo-de-ba-la 碩德八剌) | Zhizhi 至治 (1321-1323) |
| The Taiding Emperor 元泰定皇帝 (r. 1323-1328) | Yesun Temür (Ye-sun Tie-mu-er 也孫鐵木兒) | Taiding 泰定 (1324-1327) |
| Zhihe 致和 (1328) | ||
| The Infant Emperor (Youzhu) or the Tianshun Emperor 幼主天順皇帝 (r. 1328) Emperor A-su-ji-ba 阿速吉八皇帝 |
Aragibaγ, Rigibaγ (A-la-ji-ba 阿剌吉八) | Tianshun 天順 (1328) |
| Yuan Wenzong 元文宗 (r. 1328; 1329-1331) Ĵayaγatu Qaγan (Zha-ya-du 札牙篤皇帝) |
Tuγ Temür (Tu Tie-mu-er 圖帖睦爾) | Tianli 天曆 (1328-1329) |
| Zhishun 至順 (1330-1332) | ||
| Yuan Mingzong 元明宗 (r. 1329-1331) Qutuγtu Qaγan |
Qošila, Kuśala (He-shi-la 和世㻋) | [Tianli] |
| Yuan Ningzong 元寧宗 (r. 1332) | Irinĵinpal, Rinčinbal (Yi-lin-zhi-ban 懿璘質班) | [Zhishun] |
| Yuan Huizong 元惠宗, Yuan Shundi 元順帝 (r. 1333-1370) Uqaγatu Qaγan (Wu-ha-ge-tu 烏哈噶圖汗 or Wu-ha-du 烏哈篤汗) |
Toqōn Temür, Toγun Temür (Tuo-huan Tie-mu-er 妥歡帖睦爾 | Yuantong 元統 (1333-1334) |
| Zhiyuan 至元 (1335-1340) | ||
| Zhizheng 至正 (1341-1368/1370) | ||
Usurpers Zhu Guangqing 朱光卿 (1337) -----Chifu 赤符 1337 Xu Shouhui 徐壽輝, Emperor of Tianwan 天完 (r. 1351-1360) -----Zhiping 治平 1351-1355 -----Taiping 太平 1356-1357 -----Tianqi 天啟 1358 -----Tianding 天定 1359-1360 Zhang Shicheng 張士誠, Emperor of Zhou 周 (r. 1354-1357) -----Tianyou 天佑 (天祐) 1354-1357 Han Lin'er 韓林兒, Emperor of Song 宋 (r. 1355-1366) -----Longfeng 龍鳳 1355-1366 Chen Youliang 陳友諒, Emperor of Han 漢 (r. 1360-1362) -----Dayi 大義 1360-1362 Chen Li 陳理, Emperor of Han (r. 1363-1364) -----Deshou 德壽 1363-1364 Ming Baozhen 明寶珍, Emperor of Xia 夏 (r. 1362-1366) -----Tiantong 天統 1362-1366 Ming Sheng 明昇, Emperor of Xia (r. 1367-1371) -----Kaixi 開熙 1367-1371 Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, Emperor of Wu 吳, founder of the Ming dynasty 明 -----Hongwu 洪武 1366-1398 |
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| Northern Yuan Dynasty Beiyuan 北元 (1368-1402) | ||
| Yuan Huizong 元惠宗, Yuan Shundi 元順帝 (r. 1333-1370) Uqaγatu Qaγan (Wu-ha-ge-tu 烏哈噶圖汗 or Wu-ha-du 烏哈篤汗) |
Toqōn Temür, Toγun Temür (Tuo-huan Tie-mu-er 妥歡帖睦爾 | Zhizheng 至正 (1341-1368/1370) |
| Yuan Zhaozong 元昭宗 or Zhezong 元哲宗 (r. 1371-1378), Wucheng Hexiao Huangdi 武承和孝皇帝 Biligtü Qaγan (Bi-li-ke-tu 必里克圖汗) |
Ayuširidara, Āyuśrīdara (Ai-you-shi-li-da-la 愛猷識理達臘) | Xuanguang 宣光 (1371-1378) |
| Yuan Yizong 元益宗 (r. 1378-1388), Ningxiao Huangdi 寧孝皇帝, the Last Ruler of the Northern Yuan 北元後主, Tianyuan Emperor 元天元帝 Usqal Qaγan (Wu-si-ha-le 兀思哈勒可汗) |
Tögüs Temür (Tuo-gu-si Tie-mu-er 脫古思帖木兒) | Tianyuan 天元 (1379-1388) |
| Xingyuan Huangdi 興原皇帝 (r. 1388–1392) Joriγtu Qaγan (Zhuo-li-ke-tu 卓里克圖汗) |
Yesüder (Ye-su-die-er 也速迭兒) | |
| Engke Qaγan (En-ke 恩克可汗, r. 1392) | ||
| Dagu Huangdi 大古皇帝 (r. 1392–1399) Nigülesügči Qaγan (Ni-gu-lüe-su-ke-qi 尼古埒蘇克齊汗) |
Elbeg (E-le-bo-ke 額勒伯克) | |
| Shuntian Huangdi 順天皇帝 (r. 1400-1402) Toγoγan Qaγan (Tuo-gu 脱古罕) |
Gün Temür (Kun Tie-mu-er 坤帖木兒) | |